Update to WordPress 4.4.1 Causes Redirect Loop

Many people who quickly updated their WordPress sites to 4.4.1 were met with a rude surprise: Accessing the site's home page causes a redirect loop. 

If this has happened to you then log in to your dashboard.  Go to Settings->General.  Make sure there are no uppercase characters in these two fields:

WordPerss Address (URL)
Site Address (URL)

These two values may also specified in wp-config.php:

define('WP_HOME','http://yoururl.com');
define('WP_SITEURL','http://yoururl.com');

If there is an uppercase character in these URLs then WordPress 4.4.1 will go into an infinite redirect loop